Current and Future Trends of Menopause Therapy: An Expert Interview With Dr. Ivy Alexander
Ivy Alexander, PhD, ANP-BC
Medscape: What are the specific symptoms related to menopausal changes?
Dr. Alexander: There are many, and they vary for the individual woman. Most women will experience changes in their menses with irregular bleeding, either longer or shorter periods or longer or shorter lengths of time in between getting a period. Many women also have changes in flow and experience heavier or lighter periods.
Other really common symptoms include hot flashes, vaginal dryness, difficulty with sleep, irritability, and mood swings, although these last two are probably related to sleep disturbances. In addition, perimenopausal and postmenopausal women often complain of difficulty with their memory — cognition — and that is also usually related to sleep disturbances.[1-3]
Additional symptoms related to menopause include things like acne, changes in skin tone, wrinkles and dryness, hair changes with dry or thinning hair, or changes in the character of the hair. For example, if the person’s hair was curly, it might be less so. Some women have difficulty with headaches, nervousness, anxiety, irregular heartbeats or palpitations, and urinary changes. Lastly, the vaginal dryness that is associated with menopause comes from vaginal atrophy and can cause pain and discomfort with sexual intercourse or sexual activity.
Medscape: Are these symptoms directly related to menopause or do comorbidities, such as diabetes or heart conditions, affect the types of symptoms perimenopausal and postmenopausal women experience?
Dr. Alexander: Several of the symptoms that occur in menopause are directly related to changes in the hormone levels in the woman’s body. These changes occur because the hormone receptors throughout the body are no longer bound with the hormone and, thus, cause symptoms.
Because some of these symptoms can also mimic other health problems, such as diabetes with blood sugar shifts, untreated high blood pressure, and thyroid disease or, in the case of mood disorders and sleep problems, depression, it can be difficult to determine whether it is menopause or some other health problem that is affecting a woman at midlife. Occasionally, the symptoms are related to menopause and also complicated with another condition. Once the diagnosis is made, treating and managing the other condition may significantly reduce the symptoms related to menopause, but they likely will remain to some degree. More info from this article